Morris W. Beck Naval Covers
Reference Catalog and Checklist for Collectors
Compiled and Managed by Owen R. Murray, A member of the USCS #5676, and ATA Space Unit #4500

Home     Morris W. Beck Cover Basics      About this Web Site      Contact
Beck Space Cachet Designs     #6 USS Dace Overprint    #220 USS Lowry
   Cover Varieties Oddities  Beck's Messages  Beck's Personal Covers Astronaut Autographs
1943-1970's Events     Nuclear Ships     Foreign    President Series     States Series    First Day Covers   

Numbered Series   About the Series  1-50   51-99 MA-8  S,100-150  151-200  201-250  251-299   300-350 MA-9
  351-402   403-455    456-514 GT-2    515-569 GT-3, GT-4, GT-5    570-621 GTA-6 GT-7    622-687 AS-201, GTA-8, GTA-9, GTA-10, AP-3, GTA-11  
688-769 AS-202, GTA-12, AS-204, AS-501, AS-502, AP-7     770-841 AP-8, AP-9, AP-10, AP-11, AP-12, AP-13, AP-14  
  842-899 AP-14, AP-15, AP-16, AP-17, SL-II, SL-III, SL-IV     900-951   952-1000 ASTP

Articles and Resources:
NEW Small Rubber Stamps on Space Covers  Apollo PRS Postmarked in Hawaii
ASTP USS New Orleans July 25, 1975 onboard Cover
How postage rates affected collecting  Beck Printing Log for Numbered Series 
GTA-8 USS Boxer  Why Different Quantities?  Beck 929 Hawkins
         Join the Space Unit  Join the USCS  Other Collector Links
  Updated Checklists Jan 2012   

Copyright ©2003-2012 Owen R Murray.  All Rights Reserved.      Revised: Wednesday February 01, 2012.

Click on Photos

Number produced: 505

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $10.05
2009  $
2010  $15.00 
2011  $ 7.50

Steve Durst reports finding another unnumbered Beck on an unlikely cover, the USS Yorktown newsletter for the Apollo 8 recovery by the ship and cancelled on the recovery date, December 27, 1968.  The printed Beck cachet is orange and unnumbered, and really stands out.  USS Yorktown newsletter as mailed from the ship by the ship's Public Affairs Officer.

Newsletter with recovery date
Scan courtesy of Steve Durst

Number produced: 495

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $19.95
2009  $
2010  $15.00, $!5.50 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 525

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $7.16
2009  $7.45, $4.00
2010  $3.50, $6.00 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 510

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $7.16
2009  $
2010  $4.99 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized

2011  $30.00

From the collection of John H. Dalton the Secretary of the Navy, 1993-1998.  This cover has the "VIP" label that we have seen on some very hard to find covers.  We believe that the covers with with VIP labels were sent to a special list of people and not to collectors.  Industry, Navy, Contractors, Space and Government officials. 
In 1968-69, Dalton was serving in the Navy and received Navy Nuclear Power training.  He served on USS Blueback SS-581 and USS J C Calhoun SSBN-630.

Cover has the VIP label.  We thought the B773 with Guadalcanal might exist but didn't know for sure until Feb. 2011 when this cover was sold on eBay for $30.
 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $8.00 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 505

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 499

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $3.47 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $2.14
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above 

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $4.99
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 490

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above 

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $ .99
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 496

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $2.50
2010  $2.29 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $2.50 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 534

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $4.95, $6.45, $8.49
2009  $
2010  $3.50, $2.50 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $5.00
2011  $ 

Number produced: 501

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $10.49
2009  $
2010  $6.50, $3.50, $3.75
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 479

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $6.50, 
2011  $ 4.50

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $7.16
2009  $
2010  $4.75 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 469

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $8.27
2009  $3.25
2010  $4.24, $2.25
2011  $ 

Number produced: 523

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $25.00
2010  $ 
2011  $ 22.00

Ship's Name on top of cancel

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 17.50

Ship's name on bottom of cancel

The scan to the right shows a blocked out "Pacific" and "Atlantic" added to the cachet.
 

Scan courtesy of Dr. Ross Smith

Number produced: 493

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $6.50, $9.00, $3.50
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $10.50 
2011  $4.95

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 483

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $12.00
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above 

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 24.39

In July 2007, Dan Duffy reports another example of this very scarce cover.

It has the VIP address label seen on other covers.

Also see Beck 733,751, 773, 760

The cover at the right is from the collection of John H. Dalton the Secretary of the Navy, 1993-1998.  This cover has the "VIP" label that we have seen on some very hard to find covers.  We believe that the covers with with VIP labels were sent to a special list of people and not to collectors.  Industry, Navy, Contractors, Space and Government officials. 
In 1968-69, Dalton was serving in the Navy and received Navy Nuclear Power training.  He served on USS Blueback SS-581 and USS J C Calhoun SSBN-630.

Note the VIP address label style.

Scan courtesy of Dr. Ross Smith

Number produced: 505

Number produced: 494

Number produced: 512

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $16.50
2009  $
2010  $10.00 
2011  $ 

This is a machine cancel.  The hand cancel is very rare and not observed on a Beck cover.  Watch for the hand cancel on a Beck.  If you have one, report it to this Webmaster.  A hand cancel on a Beck might be worth $200.

Scan courtesy of Tom Steiner
Example of this cover with a missing background color.

Number produced: 483

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $8.49, $3.50, $2.50
2011  $ 

Scan courtesy of Tom Steiner
Example of this cover with a missing background color.

Number produced: 477

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $2.50, $2.50, $3.25
2010  $3.50 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 472

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $3.00
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above 

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 508

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $3.25
2010  $3.00, $3.50, $2.50
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $32.00 

Another example
 

Number produced: 479

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 1.81

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $3.00
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 470

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $3.25
2010  $4.24 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $4.95
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 486

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 481

Number produced: 423

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $3.25, $2.50
2010  $ 3.50
2011  $ 

Number produced: 431

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $3.00
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced :See above 

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $5.50 
2011  $2.99, $11.00, $5.00

Number produced: 422 

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $3.50, $3.24 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $3.24
2011  $ 

Number produced:469 

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $2.50
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 457 

Number produced: 493

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $21.05, $26.50
2010  $ 
2011  $  45.00

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $27.05
2010  $ 50.00, $54.00
2011  $ 45.00

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $  33.00
2011  $ 

The Hornet hand cancel on 801 and 802 are seen less frequently than either of the machine cancels.
Est. Value $75-100

Another example of this elusive hand cancel.  Note that this cover is addressed to Robert Boudwin, a very well know space cover dealer.

Number produced: 474

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 45.00

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2005 $36.00
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Cover at right has the autopen autograph of Neil Armstrong, the first man to step on the moon in 1969.  the postmark is from the USS Hornet.

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2006 $40.00
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 
2012  $39.00

The Hornet hand cancel on 801 and 802 are seen less frequently than either of the machine cancels.
Est. Value $75-100

Number produced: 463 

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $7.95, $3.00
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Also watch for B803 and B804 with A.M.
This cancel exists on RS cachets but not observed on Beck.

Another example of B803.  This one is signed by the Apollo 11 "Hawaii Rescue Two"  aircraft unit signed by the team members !

Number produced: 456

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $8.00, $10.10
2010  $4.24 
2011  $ 

Also watch for B803 and B804 with A.M.
This cancel exists on RS cachets but not observed on Beck.

Number produced: 465

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $5.50
2009  $11.50, $7.50
2010  $ 
2011  $3.95 

Number produced: See above

465eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Beck's Log shows 465 cachets printed for 805, but only about 25 were printed without the cachet number.  Beck gave these covers to the ships crew for VIP usage.  That is why it is called a CREW cover.  Also see HERE

Number produced: 449

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $5.00
2010  $6.00
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $102*
2011  $ 

*$102 priced paid for cover with autographs of Recovery Swim Team

Number produced:See above 

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 444

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Note that the difference in the two above lines is the position of the A.M. in the postmark.

We don't know how many covers were cancelled with each type of cancel.

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Beck's Log shows 444 cachets printed for the numbered 807, but does not show a quantity printed for the CREW cover, given to the ship.  It is believed that about 25 covers of each design were sent unnumbered to the navy for this flight, but we have no confirmation on this.

Note that this cover has the same date cancel as first B807 cover listed above.
We don't know how many covers were cancelled with each type of cancel.

Scan from SB Milstein Feb 07

This is a CREW cover because it doesn't have the Beck number.

This cover is listed under B807 because most B807 covers  were postmarked by the USS New.  Beck's printing log did not specifically identify the cachet number with a ship as he did for some earlier flights.

Number produced: See above 

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $7.46, $3.00
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 466

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $3.50 
2011  $2.93 

Number produced: 428

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $3.50
2009  $3.50,  $7.50
2010  $3.50 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 430

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $8.50, $3.50, $3.50
2011  $4.14 

Number produced: 409

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $1.00
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 409 

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $1.19
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Another example.  Note the cancel has a straight line cancel, no date.
 

Number produced: 408

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $3.50
2011  $ 

Number produced: 401

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $2.75
2009  $2.75
2010  $2.25. $2.25 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 409

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $4.99
2009  $
2010  $3.50, $1.50
2011  $7.00 

Number produced: 397

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $3.00
2010  $3.50
2011  $ 

Number produced: 442

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $4.99
2009  $
2010  $3.50 
2011  $3.00 

Number produced: 445

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $4.13
2009  $3.00
2010  $3.50, $5.00
2011  $ 

Number produced: 399

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $3.50
2009  $3.50
2010  $2.25 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 391

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $4.99
2009  $
2010  $3.50 
2011  $3.34 

Number produced: 658

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $15.00 $28.00, $16.00
2011  $66.00 w/Conrad autog

This is a machine cancel. The hand cancel exists but not observed on a Beck cover.  If you have a Beck cover with a hand cancel for this event please send scan to Owen Murray.

This is not a Beck cover.  It is an Artopages cover.  We show it here to illustrate the USS Hornet hand cancel for this event.  This cancel has not been observed on a Beck cover.
 

Number produced: 610

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $7.45
2010  $3.50, $5.65 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 619

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $9.50
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

CREW

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 613

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $7.49, $3.00
2010  $3.50, $3.50 
2011  $4.95 

CREW

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2010  $ 16.50
2011  $ 

Added Dec 2010
Previously unlisted

Number produced: See above

If you have one of these covers, please send us a scan for this listing.

Number produced: 504

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $3.76, $5.00, $2.50 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 369

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $3.25
2009  $3.25
2010  $3.50, $2.50, $2.00 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 448

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $3.50 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 352

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $4.99
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 325

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 393

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $3.50 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 385

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $3.00, $2.95 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 398

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $5.50 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 336

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $5.51
2010  $3.50 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 371

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $4.99
2009  $
2010  $2.50 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 371

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $3.50
2010  $6.02 
2011  $ 

Number produced: 327 

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $2.50, $2.50
2011  $ 

Number produced: 353

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $3.00
2010  $3.50, $2.25 
2011  $ 

Ship's name is at BOTTOM of cancel.

Number produced: 668

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $33.20, $20.00, $22.50 
2011  $ 

Beck's Log shows 668 cachets printed for 838

Sold for about $30 on eBay.

Close-up of the skewed cancel
 

Ship's name is at BOTTOM of cancel.

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $10.50
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Beck's Log shows 668 cachets printed for 838

Ship's name is at TOP of cancel.

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $76.00* Autographed
2011  $ 

Beck's Log shows 668 cachets printed for 838

Scan courtesy Luc Jallot

CREW

Number produced: ?
eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Added to site Nov 2010. Probably one of a kind cover. 

This CREW cover (no B number) is listed under 838 because it is the first usage of that cachet.

Scan from CollectSpace Web site. It is from the collection of  Martin S Rasmussen.

This is the only Apollo13 Beck cover seen from the Stoddert.
 

Number produced: 621

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $7.45. $3.00, $4.80
2010  $9.99, $5.00, $133.00*, $39.00*
2011  $ 

*Frogmen autographs

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

This is the splashdown date for Apollo 14.  Note that the cachet on the reverse of the cover is dated.

We have seen two examples of this cover. One was offered on eBay in July 2008 by RJIPhilatelics.

Number produced: 626

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $9.05
2010  $ 
2011  $6.70 

The actual color of the lunar craft is actually gold/yellow and not the gray/silver shown in this scan.  See note below.

CREW

Number produced: See above

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $19.95
2009  $
2010  $ 
2011  $ 

Both CREW covers shown at right are the same color.  Any difference in color is due to the quality of the scan.  The bottom cover is closer to the actual cover.

The color of this color is true to actual color. This Beck CREW cover was sold on eBay in September 2008 $19.95
Scan Courtesy Ross Smith

Number produced: 1098

eBay Prices Realized
2008  $
2009  $
2010  $7.99
2011  $2.00

CREW

Number produced: See above

This cover was offered in August 2006 on eBay by seller rjiphilatelics.

This might be a one-of-a-kind cover.  It is the Beck Apollo 14, Atlantic cachet CREW COVER.  Postmarked at Kennedy Space Center on Feb. 9, 1971, the recovery date.  It also has the Official Blue KSC Cachet. 

This VERY RARE cover is likely worth over $100 because it is so unique.

Take a good look because it is likely the only one you will ever see with the #9

Note that the colors for all the 841 covers are the same, blue, red and silver/gray.  Any differences is due to scans.

CREW

Number produced: See above

The scan for this cover was sent to us by David Ball.

See the line above.

If any collectors have more information about these covers please contact us.

Home     Morris W. Beck Cover Basics      About this Web Site      Contact
Beck Space Cachet Designs     #6 USS Dace Overprint    #220 USS Lowry
   Cover Varieties Oddities  Beck's Messages  Beck's Personal Covers  Astronaut Autographs
1943-1970's Events     Nuclear Ships     Foreign    President Series     States Series    First Day Covers   

Numbered Series   About the Series  1-50   51-99 MA-8  S,100-150  151-200  201-250  251-299   300-350 MA-9
  351-402   403-455    456-514 GT-2    515-569 GT-3, GT-4, GT-5    570-621 GTA-6 GT-7    622-687 AS-201, GTA-8, GTA-9, GTA-10, AP-3, GTA-11  
688-769 AS-202, GTA-12, AS-204, AS-501, AS-502, AP-7     770-841 AP-8, AP-9, AP-10, AP-11, AP-12, AP-13, AP-14  
  842-899 AP-14, AP-15, AP-16, AP-17, SL-II, SL-III, SL-IV     900-951   952-1000 ASTP

Articles and Resources:
NEW Small Rubber Stamps on Space Covers  Apollo PRS Postmarked in Hawaii
ASTP USS New Orleans July 25, 1975 onboard Cover
How postage rates affected collecting  Beck Printing Log for Numbered Series 
GTA-8 USS Boxer  Why Different Quantities?  Beck 929 Hawkins
         Join the Space Unit  Join the USCS  Other Collector Links
  Updated Checklists Jan 2012   
 

Please note that the naval covers illustrated on this Web site are for reference only and not for sale.
This is a private Web site for the enjoyment of collectors of navy covers. 

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Please send comments, additions, corrections or questions to Owen R. Murray

Also see Owen's Photography Website for a monthly computer desktop calendar. 
Owen's original photography is used on a new calendar each month since 2000.

Copyright ©2003-2012 Owen R Murray.  All Rights Reserved        Revised: Wednesday February 01, 2012.